IELTS Reading Matching Headings with Tips & Practice Tests

The fifth task of the IELTS Academic Reading test is IELTS Reading Matching Headings. Candidates have to identify the main idea of a paragraph and match it to the relevant heading. Students need to be skilled in their reading abilities to successfully complete this task of IELTS Reading Matching Headings. The aim is to identify the relevant heading which depicts the main idea and not just the specific keywords. Such question type assesses you skills to understand the purpose of each paragraph for which efficient skimming skills and a good grasping power of paraphrased information must be understood.

This post will guide you in IELTS Reading Matching Headings with Tips & Practice Tests along with a few effective strategies, avoiding pitfalls, and providing tips, techniques, and IELTS Reading practice tests. Reviewing IELTS Reading Matching Headings samples can further enhance your IELTS preparation and confidence to ace the exam with a band 8+.

Let's dive into the IELTS Reading Matching Headings with Tips & Practice Tests!

What is the IELTS Reading Matching Headings Task?

In this question type, you are presented with a list of headings and a set of paragraphs. Each heading represents the main idea of a paragraph, and your goal is to match each paragraph with the most appropriate heading. Note that there may be more headings than paragraphs, so not all headings will be used. The following are some of the important aspects which you need to be aware of as you prepare for the IELTS exam, whether it is Academic or IELTS General Reading module.

1. The task is to match between 5 and 7 headings to paragraphs in the text.
2. If it is used for a reading passage, it will usually be the first set of questions.
3. There are always more headings than paragraphs
4. You may need to read the whole text or only a part of it
5. Matching headings with paragraphs tests your ability to understand general information.

Some Pitfalls to Avoid During IELTS Reading Matching Headings for a Band 8+

One of the biggest challenges in this question type is that an individual tends to take time to understand and search for the answer. Since the information is being paraphrased, it makes them very difficult to match unless you understand the overall purpose of the paragraph. There are also certain pitfalls which you must avoid that can affect your IELTS Band Score. Therefore, to achieve a higher band score of 8+, you must first familiarize yourself with the pitfalls so that you can avoid making these mistakes in the exam.

• Just because a paragraph contains the keyword(s) of a heading, it doesn’t mean that is the correct heading! You still need to read carefully around the keywords in the paragraph and see if it does indeed have the same main idea as the heading. If you’re still unsure, just write a note to the side and come back to it later after you’re sure about the other headings
• Keep track of your notes and answers. Students sometimes carelessly write down the wrong roman numeral on the answer sheet! Familiarize yourself with the roman numeral system (at least just up to 15, which is XV).
• Don’t accidentally use the same heading twice. Again, keep clear notes of what answers you’re using for which paragraph.
• Keep track of your time. You should allow 20 minutes maximum per reading passage as there are 3 of them to do within 60 mins. If you find that you’re spending too much time here, move on to the other questions! Maybe after answering those, you’ll have a better understanding of the passage and you will be able to go back and finish the heading questions.

Top 8 Tips for IELTS Reading Matching Headings for Band Score of 8+

With the right strategy and methods, you can enhance the accuracy and speed of your reading passage as well as attempt the IELTS Reading Matching Heading question type. Whether you are aiming for Band 7 or 8+, incorporating a few techniques can help you in pattern recognition, comprehend the paraphrased information, and also choosing the right answer under timed conditions. Check out the list of the top IELTS Exam Preparation Tips for Band Score of 8+ and boost your preparation for the reading module.

1. Do these questions first

Always do exercises with headings first, as the headings summarize the text. They help you scan the answers to the other questions.

2. Try looking at the shortest paragraph(s) first.

By this way you can skim through it quicker, choose the heading and then you will have fewer headings to choose from for the longer paragraphs.

3. Read through the list of headings

Become familiar with them and underline key words that either identify the main idea or target words that you will be scanning for in the passage. Therefore, understand How to Ace IELTS Reading with 'Keyword Technique'.

4. If there are two or three headings that are similar:

First, match any headings that are very obvious and you are sure about. For other kinda similar headings, write them (2 – 3 headings) beside the paragraph and try to figure out the difference between them. What are the keywords? How does this change the meaning? Which one matches the paragraph best?. If you still can’t pick one, move on and come back to it later.

5. Look for similar words/synonyms

As with most types of IELTS reading questions, you should be able to find words in the paragraph that are similar to words in the heading. Be aware of synonyms for which you must be practising with IELTS Vocabulary. Many students look for words that match exactly with words in the text and ignore synonyms. For example, a keyword in the heading might be ‘hard working’, however the word you’re looking for could be many different synonyms of ‘hard-working’ like ‘diligent’, ‘assiduous’, ‘studious’ or ‘industrious’.

6. Move on if you are spending too much time and come back later

‘IELTS Reading Matching Headings’ questions often take a long time. Don’t allow yourself to use more than 20 minutes for each reading passage. If you haven’t finished after 20 minutes, move on to the next passage and come back later if you still have time left.

7. Read the instructions and check if headings can be reused

Always read the instructions carefully. Make sure to check if headings can be used more than once.

8. Identify the most general heading

Focus on finding the most general heading. It’s often found in the first paragraph or conclusion.

Major Techniques for IELTS Reading Matching Headings with Tips to Achieve a Band 8+

The Matching Headings question type assesses your ability to grasp the main idea or theme of each paragraph. Remember that it is a test of skimming and understanding difficult language and paraphrased information. Therefore, you need to understand the text structure, tone, and purpose, while avoiding common mistakes like keyword matching. The table below suggests two major techniques which you can use in the IELTS Reading Matching Headings with Tips & Practice Tests and prepare consistently to achieve a band 8+ in the IELTS exam.

Steps to Follow in the IELTS Reading Matching Headings Questions

The IELTS Reading Matching Headings Questions will be efficiently answered if a systematic step-wise method is adopted. This not only saves your time but also increases the accuracy of your answers by allowing you to concentrate on the main idea of the paragraphs rather than focusing on the details. By learning the steps through consistent practice, you will be able to approach the question type with ease. The following are some of the steps which you can use as you attempt the IELTS Reading Matching Headings Questions.

1. Read the headings and skim a paragraph quickly. Make a decision quickly.
2. Expand the heading into a sentence. This might make the meaning clearer.
3. When you find the general theme or focus of the paragraph, stop skimming and match quickly.
4. Once you have matched the headings, read them in order and see if the sequence makes sense for which practice with IELTS Grammar.
5. When you check, avoid looking at the detail, as it can make you change your mind.
6. Predict a possible sequence of headings before you look at the text.
7. If a paragraph is difficult, understand the keywords which are focusing on text development. Always look for change of direction in a text.
8. Skim each paragraph in turn and then decide very quickly what it is about. Make your own heading in a couple of words. Then look at the list of headings and match.

Sample Question on IELTS Reading Matching Headings Practice Test

Practicing IELTS Reading Matching Headings exercises with answers is a crucial step in mastering IELTS Reading. These IELTS Reading Matching Headings exercises help you develop the ability to identify the main idea of paragraphs and match them to the correct headings. By working through IELTS Reading Matching Headings exercises , you can better understand the logic behind matching headings, spot common mistakes, and improve your overall score.

1. Section A

2. Section B

3. Section C

4. Section D

5. Section F

Section A

The role of governments in environmental management is difficult but inescapable. Sometimes, the state tries to manage the resources it owns, and does so badly. Often, however, governments act in an even more harmful way. They actually subsidise the exploitation and consumption of natural resources. A whole range of policies, from farm-price support to protection for coal-mining, do environmental damage and (often) make no economic sense. Scrapping them offers a two-fold bonus: a cleaner environment and a more efficient economy. Growth and environmentalism can actually go hand in hand, if politicians have the courage to confront the vested interest that subsidies create.

Section B

No activity affects more of the earth’s surface than farming. It shapes a third of the planet’s land area, not counting Antarctica, and the proportion is rising. World food output per head has risen by 4 per cent between the 1970s and 1980s mainly as a result of increases in yields from land already in cultivation, but also because more land has been brought under the plough. Higher yields have been achieved by increased irrigation, better crop breeding, and a doubling in the use of pesticides and chemical fertilisers in the 1970s and 1980s.

Section C

All these activities may have damaging environmental impacts. For example, land clearing for agriculture is the largest single cause of deforestation; chemical fertilisers and pesticides may contaminate water supplies; more intensive farming and the abandonment of fallow periods tend to exacerbate soil erosion; and the spread of monoculture and use of high-yielding varieties of crops have been accompanied by the disappearance of old varieties of food plants which might have provided some insurance against pests or diseases in future. Soil erosion threatens the productivity of land in both rich and poor countries. The United States, where the most careful measurements have been done, discovered in 1982 that about one-fifth of its farmland was losing topsoil at a rate likely to diminish the soil’s productivity. The country subsequently embarked upon a program to convert 11 per cent of its cropped land to meadow or forest. Topsoil in India and China is vanishing much faster than in America.

Section D

Government policies have frequently compounded the environmental damage that farming can cause. In the rich countries, subsidies for growing crops and price supports for farm output drive up the price of land. The annual value of these subsidies is immense: about $250 billion, or more than all World Bank lending in the 1980s. To increase the output of crops per acre, a farmer’s easiest option is to use more of the most readily available inputs: fertilisers and pesticides. Fertiliser use doubled in Denmark in the period 1960-1985 and increased in The Netherlands by 150 per cent. The quantity of pesticides applied has risen too: by 69 per cent in 1975-1984 in Denmark, for example, with a rise of 115 per cent in the frequency of application in the three years from 1981.

In the late 1980s and early 1990s some efforts were made to reduce farm subsidies. The most dramatic example was that of New Zealand, which scrapped most farm support in 1984. A study of the environmental effects, conducted in 1993, found that the end of fertiliser subsidies had been followed by a fall in fertiliser use (a fall compounded by the decline in world commodity prices, which cut farm incomes). The removal of subsidies also stopped landclearing and over-stocking, which in the past had been the principal causes of erosion. Farms began to diversify. The one kind of subsidy whose removal appeared to have been bad for the environment was the subsidy to manage soil erosion.

In less enlightened countries, and in the European Union, the trend has been to reduce rather than eliminate subsidies, and to introduce new payments to encourage farmers to treat their land in environmentally friendlier ways, or to leave it fallow. It may sound strange but such payments need to be higher than the existing incentives for farmers to grow food crops. Farmers, however, dislike being paid to do nothing. In several countries they have become interested in the possibility of using fuel produced from crop residues either as a replacement for petrol (as ethanol) or as fuel for power stations (as biomass). Such fuels produce far less carbon dioxide than coal or oil, and absorb carbon dioxide as they grow. They are therefore less likely to contribute to the greenhouse effect. But they are rarely competitive with fossil fuels unless subsidised – and growing them does no less environmental harm than other crops.

Section E

In poor countries, governments aggravate other sorts of damage. Subsidies for pesticides and artificial fertilisers encourage farmers to use greater quantities than are needed to get the highest economic crop yield. A study by the International Rice Research Institute of pesticide use by farmers in South East Asia found that, with pest-resistant varieties of rice, even moderate applications of pesticide frequently cost farmers more than they saved. Such waste puts farmers on a chemical treadmill: bugs and weeds become resistant to poisons, so next year’s poisons must be more lethal. One cost is to human health. Every year some 10,000 people die from pesticide poisoning, almost all of them in the developing countries, and another 400,000 become seriously ill. As for artificial fertilisers, their use world-wide increased by 40 per cent per unit of farmed land between the mid 1970s and late 1980s, mostly in the developing countries. Overuse of fertilisers may cause farmers to stop rotating crops or leaving their land fallow. That, in turn, may make soil erosion worse.

Section F

A result of the Uruguay Round of world trade negotiations is likely to be a reduction of 36 per cent in the average levels of farm subsidies paid by the rich countries in 1986-1990. Some of the world’s food production will move from Western Europe to regions where subsidies are lower or non-existent, such as the former communist countries and parts of the developing world. Some environmentalists worry about this outcome. It will undoubtedly mean more pressure to convert natural habitat into farmland. But it will also have many desirable environmental effects. The intensity of farming in the rich world should decline, and the use of chemical inputs will diminish. Crops are more likely to be grown in the environments to which they are naturally suited. And more farmers in poor countries will have the money and the incentive to manage their land in ways that are sustainable in the long run. That is important. To feed an increasingly hungry world, farmers need every incentive to use their soil and water effectively and efficiently.

Answer to the Sample Question on IELTS Reading Matching Headings Practice Test